The first Serbian dynasts are legendary and known purely by name -
Viseslav, succeeded by Radoslav, then Prosigoj and finally his
great-grandson Vlastimir, whom we have more facts on. Until the times of
Vlastimir, who ruled in the central part of "Baptized Serbia" with the
title of "grand zupan" (ZHOO-pan) - a hereditary prince recognized as
chief among other zupans - Serbs lived under nominal suzerainty of the
Byzantine state, and generally in good terms with their Bulgarian
neighbors to the east.
But during khan Presiam (836-852), Bulgars start
aggressively pushing both south towards Byzantium, and east into the
Morava basin. This apparently forced Vlastimir to forge more unity
among the neighboring tribes, thus creating an embryonic state under his
command. Few details are known, but after several years of warfare in
the Morava and Kosovo regions, in the 840-850 time frame, the invasion
was repulsed and the Serbs victorious.
Vlastimir's influence grew as a
result of this, and is evidenced by the fact he married a daughter to
the prince of Travunija, bestowing various priviliges on him in the
process. Vlastimir died shortly after that - around the same time as his
opponent Presiam - and his realm was divided, as was customary, among
his three sons Mutimir, Strojimir and Gojnik. In turn, the Bulgar throne
was now replaced by Boris - known also as Michael following his
acceptance of Christianity for himself and his subjects in 864. Boris'
opportunistic expedition into Serbia was ambushed by Mutimir's forces,
with leading Bulgars taken prisoner; their release allowed for the
signing of a favorable peace.
This is also a time of systematic
Christian conversion of the Serbs. While less is known about this
process in Serbia compared to Bulgaria, and despite claims of baptismal
efforts as early as the 7th c., it is probable that during the reigns of
Vlastimir's immediate successors the effects of the missionary and
literary endeavors of Cyril and Methodius and their disciples finally
bore more fruit.